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Organic chemicals and polymers –polymerization and organic reforming processes are used to produce desired compounds from raw materials.Slurries – the quantity of liquid in a slurry mixture can be calculated by measuring the density of the slurry.Plastic films – density can be used to determine the quantity of entrapped air and degree of crystallinity.Rigid cellular plastics – foams exhibit different properties based upon the ratio of open and closed cells determined from density/.Ceramics and powder metallurgy – if density of the finished part is significantly less than that of the constituent powder, closed pores have formed during the part processing.Calcination – different crystal structures of carbon and ceramic undergo structural rearrangement through pressure or temperature treatment resulting in different densities.
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Coatings – dried film density can be used in determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content of clear and pigmented coatings.Pharmaceuticals –polymorphic, hydrated, and amorphous forms of products, as well as purity, can be determined by comparing measured density with theoretical and historical values.
#IRONCAD MATERIAL DENSITY PRECISION PLUS#
Accuracy: accurate to within 0.03% of reading, plus 0.03% of sample capacity.Reproducibility guaranteed to within ± 0.02% of the nominal full-scale volume on clean, dry, thermally equilibrated samples using helium in the 15 to 35 ✬ range Precision: reproducibility typically to within ☐.01% of the nominal full-scale cell chamber volume.Sample needs to fill at least two-third of a cup for a quality result.Cups dimensions: 1 cc volume - 1.2 cm diameter x 1.1 mm height 3.5 cc volume – 1.7 mm diameter x 1.7 mm height.Since He cannot access closed pores, they are included into the total volume. The density measured by Helium Pycnometry is often referred to as “helium density” implying that open pores excluded in the calculation. The density is determined by dividing the sample weight by the volume measured. The pressure observed after filling the sample cell and the pressure discharged into expansion chamber are measured, and then the volume is calculated.
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Gas is introduced to the sample chamber and then expanded into a second empty chamber with a known volume. This cup is then placed into the sample chamber. The sample is placed in a sealed cup of a known volume. An inert gas, typically helium, is used as the displacement medium. Micromeritics Accupyc II 1340 measures the skeletal volume of a material by gas displacement using the volume-pressure relationship of Boyle’s Law. Skeletal density is the ratio of the mass of solid material to the sum of the volumes of the solid material and closed (or blind) pores within the material (ASTM D3766). Envelope (or bulk) density is determined for porous materials when pore space spaces within material are included in the volume measurement. There are two types of density associated with powders.